| fmyykjl | Дата: Суббота, 27.12.2014, 21:39 | Сообщение # 1 |
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Группа: Гости
| Tamoxifen is an antagonist of the estrogen receptor in breast conglomeration via its effective metabolite, hydroxytamoxifen. In other tissues such as the endometrium, it behaves as an agonist, and so may be characterized as a varied agonist/antagonist. Tamoxifen is the accustomed endocrine (anti-estrogen) treatment in requital for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in pre-menopausal women, and is also a standard in post-menopausal women although aromatase inhibitors are also oftentimes hardened in that setting.[1 -
Some tit cancer cells call for estrogen to grow. Estrogen binds to and activates the estrogen receptor in these cells. Tamoxifen is metabolized into compounds that also fix to the estrogen receptor but do not set going it. Because of this competitive hostility, tamoxifen acts like a key in disrepair idle in the keep track of exclude that prevents any other crucial from being inserted, preventing estrogen from binding to its receptor. For that chest cancer chamber spread is blocked.
Tamoxifen was discovered near pharmaceutical group Imperial Chemical Industries[2 - (rarely AstraZeneca) and is sold beneath the business names Nolvadex, Istubal, and Valodex. However, the hypnotic, monotonous before its patent ending, was and stationary is widely referred to nigh its generic term "tamoxifen."
Medical uses
Heart cancer
Tamoxifen is currently used an eye to the treatment of both premature and advanced ER+ (estrogen receptor explicit) soul cancer in pre- and post-menopausal women.[3 - Additionally, it is the most common hormone treatment instead of male tit cancer.[4 - It is also approved by the FDA quest of the forestalling of breast cancer in women at high risk of developing the disease.[5 - It has been too approved representing the reduction of contralateral (in the conflicting breast) cancer.
In 2006, the colossal DIVA clinical on concluded that raloxifene is equally effective in reducing the occurrence of knocker cancer, but after an average 4-year follow-up there were 36% fewer uterine cancers and 29% fewer blood clots in women prepossessing raloxifene than in women fascinating tamoxifen, although the contradistinction is not statistically significant.[6 - [7 - [8 -
In 2005, the ATAC contest showed that after unexceptional 68 months following a 5 year adjuvant treatment, the group that receivedanastrozole (Arimidex) had significantly beat results than the tamoxifen platoon in measures like illness unconstrained survival, but no complete mortality benefit.[9 - Statistics from the tribulation present that anastrozole should be the preferred medication looking for postmenopausal women with localized tit cancer that is estrogen receptor (ER) positive.[10 - Another about found that the endanger of recurrence was reduced 40% (with some endanger of bone separate) and that ER adversarial patients also benefited from switching to anastrozole.[11 - [12 -
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